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March 10, 2008 : Amelanchier alnifolia


Keywords: Rosaceae | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer | s/cáqw-m

Amelanchier alnifolia
Amelanchier alnifolia
Saskatoon and Keefer

Connor Fitzpatrick continues with the series for UBC Research Week: Dr. Shannon Cowan is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems. She shares her research today.

Dr. Shannon Cowan is conducting community-based plant research with B.C. First Nations in Nlaka'pamux Siska Band and Boston Bar Band.

Traditional food is associated with "healthy eating and living" in Aboriginal Canadian communities (here is an article, second from top, exemplifying this point). Current dietary practices in Aboriginal communities are also inextricably tied to cultural traditions and norms, which have seen significant shifts in Canada in the last few decades. Traditional food resources themselves are changing based on political and physical modification of environments including climate change, industrial development and contamination. There is a lack of research evidence regarding traditional food plant knowledge / beliefs and practices and how that affects traditional food consumption and health in Aboriginal communities.

Interdisciplinary research linking ecological knowledge, dietary knowledge and practices is needed to improve nutritional status in Aboriginal Canadians, and must be informed by an understanding of contemporary patterns of food procurement, preparation and distribution.

The Siska-UBC research team includes a Siska Community Research Committee (H. Michell, C. Michell, B. Munro, M. Williams), Siska Traditions Society Board Members, Siska Chief F. Sampson, UBC graduate student N. MacPherson, community member researchers and participants, and Dr. S.E. Cowan (UBC Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Botanical Garden and Center for Plant Research).

UBC-Siska Research Goal: Addressing health and education needs through community-based revitalization of Ecological Knowledge and Practices with Traditional Food and Medicine Plants.

Saskatoon (s/cáqw-m) has been identified as one of the dominant shrub species in the harvesting area under the Siska Forest and Range Agreement. Through the Traditional Knowledge for Health Research Project, the Siska-UBC Research Team is conducting cross-generational community-based research and education that involves this food plant resource through a traditional food survey (dietary interviews and traditional food guide creation), harvest training research and education, traditional food practices (berry jam making that bridges youth-elder generations), and a youth traditional food interview video project.

Concurrently there is a non-UBC project underway (Siska Researchers, M Keefer & Teal Jones Group) that is designed to test different strategies for enhancing saskatoon and other key cultural plant species on sites that have been in decline (see: Measuring success in managing for Saskatoon berries and other traditionally important plants). Timber management in the area, and the absence of traditional management techniques such as pruning and fire has been hypothesized as being directly related to the decline. Ecologically, saskatoon is known to be a key browse species (ungulates and bears), and some experiments have been designed to enhance the resource for wildlife habitat. However, there is a gap in the literature concerning management of saskatoon stands for berry production as a traditional food resource. Results of the UBC-Siska and the Keefer et al. projects will be integrated for economic and food security in Siska Band, traditional use plant species abundance, improved harvest yields, biodiversity and compatible management of forests for berries and trees, climate change mitigation and wildlife enhancement.

The first two photographs show saskatoon in fruit and flower, while the third shows M. Keefer working with a Siska youth.

Here (PDF) are the proceedings of a workshop, which included Siska Chief F. Sampson, at Royal Roads University concerning native plants and First Nation people

Posted by Daniel Mosquin at March 10, 2008 9:27 AM

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Comments

And a few common alternative common names for Amelanchier alnifolia (I'm not sure if these were sent along by Connor or Shannon): serviceberry, Pacific serviceberry, juneberry, western serviceberry, western shadbush

Posted by: Daniel Mosquin Author Profile Page at March 10, 2008 9:41 AM

Which species of the amelanchier has the beautiful fall color? I grew up in Germany with one kind, beautiful spring flowers, gorgeous fall color, I don't recall it suckering much. I have been trying to find which species that was. BTW I never knew that the berries were edible.
Susanne

Posted by: Susanne at March 10, 2008 10:31 AM

A. x lamarckii is naturalized in NW Germany, is derived from and resembles A. laevis.

Posted by: Ron B at March 10, 2008 10:49 AM

The common names were sent by Shannon.

Posted by: Connor at March 10, 2008 11:52 AM

We have this plant in our Demonstration Teaching Gardens in Tulsa, OK, USA. While the berries may be edible, the coordinator of the Master Gardener Program here popped one in his mouth as we inspected the gardens one day. From the way he hoped around and said loud noises like "Eww!!" and "Yuck!!", I have always assumed this berry was better suited to jams and jellies.

Posted by: Dana at March 10, 2008 12:22 PM

we know it as serviceberry and I love the associated story -- it blooms when the ground has thawed out enough to bury (and hold services for) those that died over the winter.

Posted by: Hollis at March 10, 2008 1:04 PM

Flavor varies.

Posted by: Ron B at March 10, 2008 1:37 PM

Another name is Saskatoon serviceberry.

Posted by: Ron B at March 10, 2008 1:40 PM

The berries are actually quite tasty, somewhat less acidic than a blueberry and slightly sweeter. I can only suspect that the coordinator of the Master Gardner program popped an unripe serviceberry into his mouth.

Posted by: Karen Vaughan at March 10, 2008 2:18 PM

Seedlings I grew here for awhile fruited well be had poor flavor.

Posted by: Ron B at March 10, 2008 4:20 PM

"we know it as serviceberry and I love the associated story -- it blooms when the ground has thawed out enough to bury (and hold services for) those that died over the winter"

Nice story, but apocryphal. The name derives from Latin Sorbus, via Anglo-Saxon syrfe.

Posted by: Michael F at March 10, 2008 4:50 PM

Although the same species, the Amelanchier alnifolia in Northern California seem to taste different than those further north; I found those in Oregon less pleasant, but in California they taste like raw, fresh peas (which I enjoy immensely but found hard to accept from a berry, at first).
Oregon grape and salal (Mahonia/Berberis and Gaultheria shallon) are also native berries that some call "an acquired taste."

Posted by: Andrea at March 10, 2008 5:12 PM

I like your mention of the connection of this plant to the first peoples traditional diet.
Many of the foods that made up early peoples diets, are now considered "an acquired taste". However, when a culture has a relationship with a food, others, from outside, experiencing it's taste, often react this way.
For example: Marmite.

Posted by: Elizabeth at March 10, 2008 5:58 PM

The first serviceberry I ever tasted was last summer in a New York City community garden of all places. I'd known that they were edible, but never thought they'd be as tasty as they were. I don't know what species that Amelanchier was, but the berries seemed a bit like blueberries.

On an unrelated note, I must say that I've given Marmite (and Vegemite) plenty of chances, but don't think I'm ever going to acquire a taste for it!

Posted by: Alastair at March 10, 2008 7:15 PM

ahhh Saskatoons, my favourite berry of summer growing up in central Manitoba. I have managed to get two varieties as well as a wild volunteer to fruit in my garden here in Southern BC.. great in jam and preserves mixed with other fruits, as well as in pies and crumbles.. yumm. thanx for the pictures and the story

Posted by: JOan Hansen at March 10, 2008 10:03 PM

After all, you can never be sure until you try it: rosehips (rosaceae) ae disgusting raw because of their hairiness, which is also not actually very good for you, but rosehip syrup was vital during WW2 for Vitamin C for children in the UK and elsewhere. In New Zealand we have a native rosaceae family plant known as Bush Lawyer because of the way it grabs hold of the passerby with its thorns. Its berries are boringly sweet but flavourless, although they do look like Blackberries (also rosaceae)which are delicious. So one thing we can all be sure of: someone somewhere will make use of it and be glad of it!

Posted by: Elizabeth Revell at March 10, 2008 10:13 PM

Rosaceae? really? I would have put money on Ericaceae.

In my experience (a cultivar in my parents' backyard in Illinois) serviceberries look and taste much like blueberries, but a little bit more tart. I actually like them much better because i find blueberries to be mostly just sweet and fairly bland.

Posted by: Joe at March 11, 2008 12:20 AM

If you want to taste real good saskatoons, come to the Canadian Prairie Provinces. It is a commercial crop here. At the moment there are 3,000 acres in the three Provinces, half of that is in Alberta. There are more than a dozen cultivars. Our most popular cultivar are Smoky, Pembina, Northline, Thiessen and Honeywood. These will give the best blueberry a run for its money.
Peace
Thean

Posted by: thean at March 11, 2008 5:57 AM

Does any one know any nutritional information on service berry?

Posted by: Lynn at March 18, 2008 1:37 PM

Please share your comments about the photograph(s) and accompanying write-up. Telling a story about the subject of the photograph(s) is also much appreciated! If you have a gardening question, the best place to ask is on the UBC Botanical Garden Forums. Thank you!

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